Saturday, January 25, 2014

Active Power Control of Wind Turbines Can Improve Power Grid Reliability [ NREL ]

In this analysis, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) showed that wind farms can quickly change their output to provide frequency regulation, a service grid operators rely on to ensure reliable power delivery. The finding could change how regulators, grid operators and wind-farm owners view wind energy.
Wind turbines can perform the same function by lowering their output, By changing the pitch of their blades slightly, wind turbines can make second-by-second curtailments that allow grid operators to keep the power supply and demand balance,
We believe that when there is a constant power, high than enough power [whatever wind speed], ultra-high voltage [small loss], and to cover the necessary networks, they certainly can insert and with other producers of energy, with which to ensure and further requirements..
Today, natural gas power plants are often used for frequency regulation. They ramp up output to maintain a balance between power supply and demand, which keeps the grid’s frequency signal stable.
I wonder who would not mind if these wind farms would provide one such regulation, consumer?
Battery systems, hydro, solar system, thermal or not, maybe the fuel system, hydrogen, 
They should be a mix of green energy that would allow a very low price of energy, and first of all, protect planets and resources, and would cover absence wind,

But ............. so we want to do, in order to perform our project, which we then proceeded to liberalize
This scares?

NREL Study: Active Power Control of Wind Turbines Can Improve Power Grid Reliability
January 20, 2014
The Energy Department’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), along with partners from the Electric Power Research Institute and the University of Colorado have completed a comprehensive study to understand how wind power technology can assist the power grid by controlling the active power output being placed onto the system. The rest of the power system’s resources have traditionally been adjusted around wind to support a reliable and efficient system. The research that led to this report challenges that concept.
The study, “Active Power Controls from Wind Power: Bridging the Gaps”, finds that wind power can support the power system by adjusting its power output to enhance system reliability. Additionally, the study finds that it often could be economically beneficial to provide active power control , and potentially damaging loads on turbines from providing this control is negligible. Active power control helps balance load with generation at various times, avoiding erroneous power flows, involuntary load shedding, machine damage, and the risk of potential blackouts.
“Utilities and independent system operators are all seeking strategies to better integrate wind and other variable generation into their electric systems,” NREL Analyst Erik Ela said. “Few have considered using wind power to support power system reliability.”
The study included a number of different power system simulations, control simulations, and field tests using turbines at NREL’s National Wind Technology Center (NWTC). The study developed proposals for new ancillary services designs in U.S. wholesale electricity markets, studied how wind power affects system frequency in the western U.S. with and without active power control, and tested the use of active power control at the NWTC to better understand the performance and structural impacts on wind turbines when providing active power control to the electric system.
“Although many of the control strategies have been proven technically feasible and are used in many regions of the world, only a limited number of wind turbines in the United States are currently providing active power control,” Ela said. “The reason is that the stakeholders – system operators, manufacturers, regulators and the plant owners – all have different goals and perspectives. This report covers many different aspects of the topic in order to address the diverse viewpoints throughout the wind industry.”
Wind is one of the fastest growing sources of power generation – supplying up to 20% of electricity in many areas of the world. In some regions of the U.S., wind sometimes provides more than 50% of the electric power. The challenge with integrating high concentrations of wind power into electric systems is that it is a variable, uncertain resource, commonly considered “non-dispatchable.”
The forms of active power control considered in this study are synthetic inertial control, primary frequency control (PFC), and automatic generation control (AGC) regulation. For wind power to provide active power control services, three things must happen:
The wind power response needs to improve power system reliability; not impair it
It must be economically viable for wind power plants as well as electricity consumers. Because power plants may incur additional capital costs for the controls and reduce the amount of energy it sells to the market, there must be an incentive to provide the service
Active power control should not have negative impacts on the turbine loading or induce structural damage that could reduce the life of the turbine.
The comprehensive study, funded by the Energy Department’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, analyzed timeframes ranging from milliseconds to the lifetime of wind turbines, spatial scopes ranging from turbine components to entire regions, and study types ranging from economics to power systems engineering, to control design.
“The study’s key takeaway is that wind power can act in an equal or superior manner to conventional generation when providing active power control, supporting the system frequency response and improving reliability,” Ela said.
NREL is the U.S. Department of Energy's primary national laboratory for renewable energy and energy efficiency research and development. NREL is operated for the Energy Department by The Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.

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